sous la direction d'Eric Bussière, Michel Dumoulin et Emilie Willaert, avec

la collaboration de Charles Barthel, Jürgen Elvert, Paolo Tedeschi et Arthe Van Laer,
Luxembourg, Imprimerie Centrale, 2008, 383p.

Presentazione

L’histoire de la BEI ne peut être séparée de celle du projet européen lui-même, et de chaque étape de sa mise en oeuvre. Evoquée dès l’entre-deux-guerres, l’idée d’une institution ayant pour objet le financement de grands équipements en Europe ressurgit à l’époque de la reconstruction et du plan Marshall, lorsqu’en 1949 Maurice Petsche propose devant l’Organisation européenne de coopération économique (OECE) la création d’une banque européenne d’investissement.

La création de la banque est définitivement arrêtée lors des négociations qui conduisirent à la signature du traité de Rome. Outre sa contribution au financement de projets d’intérêt commun, elle répond aussi aux préoccupations de ceux qui craignent que le marché commun n’accentue les écarts de développement entre régions ou ne précipite le déclin de certaines branches d’activité. Il s’agit donc de mobiliser le capital au profit de la cohésion de l’espace européen et de la modernité économique. Depuis lors, ces objectifs n’ont pas été abandonnés.

La BEI que nous connaissons aujourd’hui est pourtant très différente de celle qui débute ses activités en 1958. L’Europe des Six est devenue celle des vingt-sept, le cloisonnement des économies nationales a fait place au « grand marché », les technologies, que l’on parle de l’industrie ou des services financiers, ont été plusieurs fois renouvelées, les préoccupations des citoyens européens ont changé.

Cet ouvrage est donc un livre d’histoire. Il est rythmé par les élargissements successifs de l’Union européenne mais aussi par les données changeantes de l’environnement économique et politique. Il cherche à comprendre comment la BEI a défini sa voie à travers les bouleversements d’un demi-siècle tout en restant fidèle au projet de ses origines.

Summary

The history of the European Investment Bank cannot be dissociated from that of the European project itself or from the stages in its implementation. First broached during the inter-war period, the idea of an institution for the financing of major infrastructure in Europe resurfaced in 1949 at the time of reconstruction and the Marshall Plan, when Maurice Petsche proposed the creation of a European investment bank to the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation.

The creation of the Bank was finalised during the negotiations which preceded the signing of the Treaty of Rome establishing the European Economic Community. As well as contributing to the financing of projects of common interest, it also met the concerns of those who feared that the common market would accentuate imbalances in regional development or hasten the decline of certain industries. The Bank would thus mobilise capital to promote the cohesion of the European area and modernise the economy. These initial objectives have not been abandoned.

However, today’s EIB is very different from that which started operating in 1958. The Europe of Six has become that of Twenty-Seven; the individual national economies have given way to the ‘single market’; there has been continuous technological progress, whether in industry or financial services; and the concerns of European citizens have changed.

This work is thus a history book. It follows the successive enlargements of the European Union as well as the changes in the economic and political environment. It endeavours to understand how the EIB has set its course over half a century of upheavals whilst remaining true to plans of its founders.

Introduction of the authors

This book was co-edited by:

    * Éric Bussière, professor and holder of the Jean Monnet Chair in the history of European integration at the University of Paris IV – Sorbonne (France);
    * Michel Dumoulin, professor at the Catholic University of Louvain in Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium), and member of the Belgian Royal Academy;
    * Émilie Willaert, certified history teacher, currently studying for a doctorate at the University of Paris IV – Sorbonne (France).

with contributions from:

    * Charles Barthel, director of the Robert Schuman Centre for European Studies and Research (Luxembourg);
    * Jürgen Elvert, professor of the history of European integration and the didactics of history, Historisches Seminar II, University of Cologne (Germany);
    * Paolo Tedeschi, member of the Dipartimento di Economia Politica at the University of Milan-Bicocca (Italy) and leader of the course on economic history and the history of European integration in the Faculty of Economics;
    * Arthe Van Laer, PhD student and research assistant at the Catholic University of Louvain in Louvain-la-Neuve, and lecturer at the Haute École Roi Baudouin in Mons (Belgium).

Table of Contents

Introduction
The EIB – a key player in the European project

Part One
The birth of an institution: from a European investment fund to the European Investment Bank

Part Two
The Period of ’Little Europe’, 1958-1972

    * Chapter 1: The activity of the EIB in the Europe of the Six (1958-1972)
    * Chapter 2: The EIB and the economic and social development of Italy from 1958 to the beginning of the 1970s
    * Chapter 3: New activities outside the Community

Part Three
The EIB from 1973 to the mid-1980s: change in scale and development of activities

    * Chapter 1: The EIB and the EEC’s first enlargements (1973-1985)
    * Chapter 2: New economic circumstances and redeployment of the EIB’s activities in Europe
    * Chapter 3: From the Lomé agreements to the Mediterranean: the expansion of the EIB’s activities outside the Community

Part Four
Enlargement, growth and redeployment since mid-1980s

    * Chapter 1: The EIB in greater Europe
    * Chapter 2: Changes in the economic environment and new areas of activity
    * Chapter 3: Dynamics of sectors and areas

Partie Five
The identity of an institution

    * Chapter 1: The problematic transfer of the EIB to the Grand Duchy
    * Chapter 2: People and structures
    * Chapter 3: Tomorrow is nourished by the experience of yesterday

Appendices

   1. Timeline
   2. Key figures of the EIB since 1958

Sources and works

Tables and Indexes

   1. Index of Names
   2. Index of Companies and Institutions
   3. Acronyms and Abbreviations
   4. Table of Insets
   5. Credits for Illustrations